It is very important to start our studies with the blessings of Allah; for He is the All-Knowing and from Him comes all knowledge. Note: The sources [Takhreej] of the Duas are listed underneath the Duas. These are the books wherein the Duas can be found. However, these Duas are found in other books too; not just in the ones listed.
There are 3 forbidden Salaah times. This must not to be confused with makrooh times.
Haraam renders the Salaah completely invalid. One cannot even pray Sajdah Tilaawat or Qadha Salaah.
For example, it's Haraam to pray any Salaah at Sunrise but it's Makrooh [greatly disliked] to pray Asr when the sky starts going red i.e. to delay the Asr prayer. This has been described in the Hadith as the sign of the hypocrite.
The teacup picture shows the shadow length as twice the size of the object. This is Asr time according to the Hanafi madh-hab in accordance with the Qur'aan and Sunnah.